Eleanor of Aquitaine Powerful Ruler in Medieval Europe

A Doll s House By William Shakespeare - 857 Words

A Doll’s House When a play is called â€Å"A Doll’s House†, chances are that the house might be a prevalent home. Early on in the play, the home is seen as a thing of joy, a place of comfort and shelter. The idea of home is enmeshed with the happy family, which the Helmer’s seems to be. Towards the play conclusion, the imbalance of power in the family becomes an issue. The seemingly happy home is revealed as having been a faà §ade that hide the gulf between the Helmer’s. Their home is really more of a prison than shelter, this is because Nora’s life in their home constraints her, rather than protect or shelter her. The main message from â€Å"A Doll’s House† seems to be that a true marriage is joining of equals and the dissolution of a marriage that does not meet this standard. The play also shows how women are being oppressed and how they find their independence. The marriage in â₠¬Å"A Doll’s House† fell apart due to an imbalance of power. Nora of Doll’s house has often been painted as one of modern drama’s first feminist heroines. Over the course of the play, she breaks away from the domination of her overbearing husband. Helmer wants her to be a housewife and only take care of the kids, but she stood up for herself. The men of a Doll’s house are in many ways just as trapped by traditional gender roles as the women. Torvald Helmer is the chief example of men that are always provided and bear theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s A Doll s House Essay908 Words   |  4 Pagesreact more sympathetically than we otherwise might. Avoid plot summary The stereotypical an evil villain always has a damsel in distressed usually tied as a hostage while wearing dark and evil attire only out for money and power. In the play, A Doll s House, by Henrik Ibsen the reader is presented with an antagonist not a villain, Krogstad. 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After learning that OrlandoRead MoreThe Battle Of Desdemona And Nora Helmer2503 Words   |  11 Pagesobjects than humans. Both authors, William Shakespeare and Henrik Ibsen, express the inequality of women throughout the two plays. In A Doll’s House, Ibsen expresses how women are degraded by society. Henrick characterized Nora Helmer as an average, â€Å"stay at home mom† who takes care of the children, and has no job to provide for her family. Throughout the story the reader sees how Nora fuels the play and also helps develop the plot. Although in Othello, Shakespeare presents women using the same approachRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream And A Doll s House1365 Words   |  6 Pages A Midsummer Night’s Dream A Doll’s House, written by William Shakespeare and Henrik Ibsen respectively, are plays that have a varying number of themes. These two plays ar e centuries apart yet, they share a strikingly similar approaches in regards to the themes that are scattered throughout both plays. Such themes consists of love and marriage, deceit and honesty and most noticeably the relationship between men and women. Though they share many of the same thematic elements, their stories are completelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1746 Words   |  7 PagesI Await Juliet knew that royalty life would be hard from the moment she was old enough to comprehend. She s seen how her mother worked as Queen, making sure those of the lower class are pleased enough. How her father - the King - rules the kingdom, setting rules and suitable punishments. How her brother has to live up to the next heir of the throne. The forest was part of her safe haven, away from the castle and away from her high expectation family. Although it was part of the lower class

Fpi Assignment Free Essays

string(171) " Ratios EBIT to total funds ratio EBIT to total funds ratio of Harbour-Link Group Berhad is decreasing in the range of 22% from the financial year of 2008 to 2009 and 21\." Executive Summary The report is regarding to the knowledge of analyzing the accounting data of a listed company, using the various accounting information that provided to identify and examine the competitiveness and efficiency of the listed company. Besides, in order to examine the reliability of the data provided, analysis of the balance sheet and income statement is required. The financial information can be obtained from the annual reports of Harbour-Link Group Berhad. We will write a custom essay sample on Fpi Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, the report is required to include the top-down approach which consists of Economic analysis, Industry analysis and Fundamental analysis to analyze the listed company in the point of view for investors. Table of Content 1. Introduction 1. Objectives 2. Analysis of the statement of financial position, the statement of financial performance and cash flow statement. 1. Financial Analysis ratio: Asset efficiency ratio Capital Structure ratio Liquidity Ratio Profitability Ratio Share Price 3. Economic Analysis 4. Industry Analysis . Conclusion 6. Findings 7. References Introduction In this report, Harbour-Link Group Berhad is chosen among the listed companies. Harbour-Link Group Berhad is an investment holding company which provides shipping, forwarding and transportation, plant and machinery hiring, and engineering contract services primarily in Malaysia and Singapore. Harbour-Link Group Berhad was founded in the year of 1975 and it is based in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. It was officially listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad in the year of 2004. Today, Harbour-Link Group’s success lies in its strong foundation of expertise in the industry and its ability to established the company as a reputable brand-name within the shipping, sea freight forwarding and transportation industries. Objectives 1. To identify the sources of funds, Balance Sheet and profit or loss of the Harbour-Link Group Berhad. 2. To analyze accounting data of Harbour-Link Group Berhad to examine its financial performance using Financial Performance Indicators (ratio analysis) 3. To analyze the economy status, competitors within the same industries and evaluate the operating efficiencies of the listed company. 4. To examine the competitiveness and efficiency of the listed company by using the various accounting information provided. Financial Analysis Financial analysis ratios are used to examine the financial performance of a company in which it will be reflected in the ratios calculated. (Giles et al, 1994, p. 371) Asset efficiency Ratios Asset turnover ratio From the data calculated, the asset turnover ratio for the financial year of 2008, 2009 and 2010 are 109. 9%, 92. 12% and 79. 65%. This indicates that the Harbour-Link Group Berhad is not doing well in the sales of the products or services because the asset turnover ratio is decreasing from year to year. Debtor turnover (in days) Debtor turnover is the debtor collection period of a company. Harbour-Link Group Berhad had a debtor turnover of 73 days in the year of 2008. In the year of 2009, the debtor t urnover is 77 days. However, its debtor turnover is decreased to 71 days. This reflects that the possibility of default risk for the debtors is decreasing. In fact, this is a good thing in a company. Inventory Turnover Inventory turnover measures how many times the company can sell through its inventory for each year. In the year of 2008, Harbour-Link Group has an inventory turnover of 163 times. The turnover increased to 212 times in the financial year of 2009 but the inventory turnover decreased to 127 times in the year of 2010. This reflects that the company can sell better in the year of 2009 but it dropped tremendously in the year of 2010. Capital structure Ratio Debt to equity ratio The debt to equity ratio of Harbour-link Group Berhad is decreasing from the year of 2008 to 2010 by 2%. This is caused by the reducing of total liabilities and the increasing of the total equity. Time interest earned The times-interest-earned ratio allows a lender to evaluate the company’s ability to meet its debt obligation. It is a ratio of the earning before interest and tax over the interest expenses. The time interest earned has a slightly increased from the year of 2008 to year 2009 but it has a greater decrease in ratio amount from the year of 2009 to year 2010. This means that in the year of 2010, Harbour-Link Group Berhad have lesser earnings are available to meet the interest payments and this makes the company to be more vulnerable to the increases in the interest rates. Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratio is the ratio that is used to examine the liquidity of a company. It includes: Current Ratio Current ratio is the ratio of current assets to current liabilities. Harbour-link Group Berhad has it current ratio decreasing from the year of 2008 to 2010. Its current ratios are 1. 90, 1. 76 and 1. 57 respectively. The ratio is decreased by 14% and 19%. The data is calculated as shown in the findings. Liquid Ratio Liquid ratio is the ratio of (current assets-inventory) to (current liabilities-bank overdraft). Harbour-Link Group Berhad has borrowings so there is bank overdraft existed and that’s why it is classifies as a debt financing organization. The company has a higher liquid ratio of 2. 34 in the year of 2010 compared to the year of 2008 and 2009 which is 1. 88 and 1. 75 respectively. The liquid ratio of the 3 financial years exceeded 1 and this indicates that the current assets are greater than the current liabilities. Higher liquid ratio reflects better performance of the company. Net working Capital Net working capital is the difference between current assets and the current liabilities. In the three financial years, Harbour-Link Group Berhad has the highest net working capital of RM 51. 4 million in the year of 2008. The figure of net working capital for Harbour-link Group Berhad decreased in the year of 2009 and 2010 by 0. 43% and 12. 32% respectively. This shows that there is a drastic drop in the net working capital of year 2010. Profitability Ratios EBIT to total funds ratio EBIT to total funds ratio of Harbour-Link Group Berhad is decreasing in the range of 22% from the financial year of 2008 to 2009 and 21. 4% from the financial year of 2009 to 2010. The total funds consist of shareholders’ funds and borrowings. According to the annual report, Harbour-Link Group Berhad is practicing debt-financing to raise funds because there is borrowing existed. Return on Equity (ROE) Harbour-link Group shows a decrease in net income from year 2008 to 2010. This situation leads to the decrease in the return on equity (ROE) of 5%. In the financial year of 2010, it has the ROE of 0. 08 which indicates that for every RM1 of the capital that the shareholder invested into, they will get 8% of return. Return on Assets The return on assets measures the productivity of assets in terms of the level of profits each dollar of assets generates. (Karen D. H, 2004, p. 131) The return on assets of the Harbour-Link Group Berhad is decreasing from the financial year of 2008 to 2010. It decreased from 8% of year 2008 to 7% in the year of 2009 and then 5% in the year of 2010. This implies that the productivity of the company’s assets is not doing well in terms of profits that the assets generated. Net Profit Margin The net profit margin is the ratio of net profit after tax to the total revenues. In the financial year of 2008 and 2009, Harbour-Link Group Berhad has the net profit margin figure of 8%. It indicates that the company has a net income of RM0. 08 for each RM1 of sales. However, the net profit margin for the year of 2010 decreased by 2% which is only 6% in the financial year. This shows that for every RM1 of sales made by the company in year 2010, the net income is only RM0. 6 which is RM0. 02 lower than the previous year. Share Price Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E) Price to Earning ratio is calculated by using the share price of the year 2010 over the earnings per share. The market price of Harbour-Link Group Berhad was amounted to RM 0. 72 in the year of 2010. From the annual report of the financial year of 2010, the earning per share is R M 0. 11. By using the formulae, the price to earning per share of 2010 is calculated as shown in the table with a figure of RM 6. 825. Current Economic Analysis Roots of Global financial crisis Global financial crisis are usually caused by bad regulation of the banking sectors, failure of fiscal and monetary policy implemented and so forth. In the year of 2008, Financial crisis began with the declared of bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. which is the fourth largest investment bank in United States. It was a severe ongoing world financial problem that began in U. S in the year of 2008. This recession has entirely hitting on the fragile global economy with the tremendous devastation in countries all around the world. The U. S government was trying to point the finger of the financial crisis to the rating agencies, who knew about the great risk that was coming but kept giving high reliability ratings to companies that did not deserve them and thus investors invested in the wrong companies. The cause of the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc was the accumulation of debt and the increasing of loan defaults. Why it evolved into a world crisis The news on bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Company led to the drastic fall in the share price all over the world. The company had billions of dollars losses incurred in the mortgage market of United States. (BBC NEWS, 16th Sept 2008) In Lehman Brothers’ case and the other investment banks, the problem was provoked by 2 major factors which are the very high level of leverage ratio and the dependence on short-term debt financing. Commercial banks cannot leverage their equity more than 15 to 1 as they are regulated but for Lehman Brothers Company, it had a leverage ratio of more than 30 to 1. According to the table 1, Lehman Brothers had only $3. 30 of equity for every $100 of loans. With this ratio, it makes the company to be insolvent. Conversely, the instability arose from the leverage problem was aggravated by the strong reliance on the short term debt. Based on table 1(Lehman Brothers Liabilities and shareholder’s equity), at the beginning of the crisis, the company financed greater than 50% of the assets. Reliance on short term debt financing is profitable indeed when it comes to a low interest rate market environment. However, when the company faced rumors of the insolvency problem, the short term lenders will start to have doubt on the company’s performance and therefore, they will start to withdraw their funds from the company for self interest protection. This scenario will lead to a shortage of liquidity for the borrower and thus the company tends to default. After the crisis began, Lehman Brothers did try to decrease its leverage and reduce its dependence on the short term borrowing but it was too late for them to amend the situation and therefore, bankruptcy occurred. The bankruptcy of Lehman’s brother forced the reassessment of risk in the market by looking at the price of the credit default trades. Impact on Malaysia and world economies The crisis started in the year of 2008 had a great hit on Malaysia and world economies. It causes the gas price had a drastic drop, decreasing of the value of real estates, the increasing of unemployment rate, Federal debt crisis and inflation. There is a global explosion in commodities price. The price of crude oil was remaining at high levels for few years till the end of 2008, the crude oil price dropped from the peak in July 2008 of US$145 to US$30. 28 per barrel in December 2008. (Forbes, 2008) According to the findings in table 2, the unemployment rate of Malaysia increased by 3. 13% from the year of 2008 to 2009 and 12. 12% from the year of 2009 to 2010. Malaysian future economic At first, Malaysia was aiming to have 9% of average annual Growth Domestic Product (GDP) until 2020. Suddenly, according to the Economic Planning Unit, the government noted that the number is absurd then they changed and told that Malaysia was capable to achieve 5. 4% of Growth Domestic Product (GDP) annually over the next 10 years to achieve the objective of becoming a high income economy by 2020, which is the vision 2020 (East Asia Forum, 2009). These seem that Malaysia’s economic future is uncertainty. It keeps changing. Besides, Malaysia’s government has a close relationship with its private businesses. Because of the relationship with some business groups have ostensibly led to the emergence of political cronies with unlimited access to public resources. Not only the relationship that mention above but also the experience of neighbouring Indonesia shows that it is a dangerous trend that could negatively affect economic development in the future. In this matter, changes in political leadership led to unstable political environment. Although it does not directly effect on Malaysia, it threatens he influx of refugees caused damage regional stability and social stability. Malaysia’s maritime economy can be defined as the production and manner of use of the range of goods and services that are linked to the maritime sector (Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman, 1997). It covers the activities that are resource based, including fisheries, oil and gas, marine biotechnology and those that are service base d such as shipping ports, shipbuilding and repair and the myriad range of ancillary maritime services (Maritime Institute of Malaysia,2005). Malaysia’s main concern is the future of marine economy of the future of Malaysian trade, because the country’s foreign and domestic trade, or even almost totally dependent on sea transport facilities. From this we can know that it will have a very bright prospect in maritime economy. If Malaysia is to achieve the goals of industrialization, productivity-driven growth and enhancing competitiveness will depend on how the maritime sector is managed. The maritime sector has a main role to play in enhancing productivity-driven growth. An important element that will affect efforts to sustain international competitiveness is productivity. But, for longer term, Malaysia will need to maintain its international competitiveness, since there is rising competition from other emerging markets for Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and for the transfer of modern technologies. Environmental issues are also important for Malaysia in the longer term as deforestation and global climate change may destabilize the country’s agriculture, which still plays an important role in the national economy. What is the most important is the political will effect a change to system-centred thinking in planning the future of the economy. So, a stable political environment is very important to Malaysia. If the political environment of Malaysia is good, it will have a bright future of economy. Solutions to the Global Financial Crisis or crises in general. Banks and financial institutions can cause a downswing of an economy because of their ignorance of the business cycle. Besides, bankers are greedy with the fat bonuses that they will gain if they get the highest market shares results. When the economy is doing well, they expect that there will be no recession problem is going to occur and therefore they will give loans to their customers without considering their customers’ affordability to repay the loans. Once their customers cannot afford to repay the loans, recession will occurs. To overcome these crisis problems, several steps can be used. Government and bankers often intervene to smooth the peaks and valleys of the economic cycle. There are two objectives that the government and bankers can do to prevent serious downswing of an economy. 1) Speedy intervention to prevent a self-perpetuating downward spiral, which means protecting depositors at minimal long term cost to the taxpayer. For example, the Federal reserve may restrict the money supply in good times to slow the expansion phase of the economic cycle, or deficit spend and cut interest rates to ease the recessionary phase of an economic cycle. 2) Ensure so far as possible that future booms are less exaggerated. This has implications for the form of any rescue package, and for the system of financial oversight that is put in place. The growth of consumer credits will increase the consumption of the consumer. The increase in the consumption will increase the aggregate demand of the country whereby AD equals to C + I + G + (X-M). Mc Taggart et al, 2007 p. 766). When the AD is increasing, it means that GDP is also increasing. This shows that the consumer credits provided will also be increased and therefore people will keep on borrowing money from the banks for consumption. This situation actually can amplify the business cycle and extend the upswing of the economy. Industry analysis The domestic and the world economy were in a downturn in the year of 2009. All the industry was affected and they are making an effort to maintain their previous performance and growth momentum. In the year of 2009, Harbour-Link Group Berhad suffered revenue declined by 5. 9% to RM 327. 6 million. The revenue decreased again by 5. 76% to RM 308. 7 million compare to the previous year due to lower selling prices and softer consumer demand. One of the Company competitors, Swee Joo Berhad was also suffered by achieved a turnover of RM 346. 7 million which is 9. 9% lower than the previous financial period. The lower turnover was also impacted by the recovery state for the economy. Swee Joo Berhad has a reduce in current ratio from 0. 648 to 0. 278 which seems to be lower than that of the Harbour-Link Group Berhad and therefore Harbour-link seems to have a better current ratio. Swee Joo Berhad has a negative figure for its Earnings before interest and tax of -11. 32 million and -176. 82 million in the year of 2009 and 2010. This is a huge loss for the company. It shows that Harbour-Link has a better performance than its major competitor, Swee Joo Berhad. Although the economy showed signs of recovery, but most of the economists hold that the sustained global recovery is still vague. This situation greatly influenced the consumers spending behavior. According to the Edge, Harbour-Link Unit obtained the secured contracts of RM75. 2 to supply gantry cranes for the Bintulu Port Sdn Bhd. The contracts were expected to be done in the year of 2012 and it’s also expected to escalate the future revenue and earnings positively for Harbour-Link Group Berhad. (The Edge, 11 April 2011) There are several ways for the companies to perform better during this hard period. However, the suppliers are also important causes which will affect the company performance. Although Harbour-Link Group Berhad suffered lower revenue during the year, however, it obtained quite a number of big projects with a favorable amount of contracts worth which is believed to boost the revenues for the future of the company itself. This scenario will assist Harbour-Link Group Berhad to create a stronger visibility and allow it to be well positioned for the economic recovery. Findings [pic] Table 1 shows Lehman Brothers Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Source: Lehman Annual Reports |Year |Unemployment Rate |Percentage Change | |2006 |3. 60 | | |2007 |3. 50 |-2. 78% | |2008 |3. 20 |-8. 7% | |2009 |3. 30 |3. 13% | |2010 |3. 50 |12. 12% | Table 2 shows the unemployment rate in Malaysia Source: CIA World Factbook Conclusion In conclusion, although the Harbour-Link Group Berhad has a downturn in its overall performances in the financial year of 2009 and 2010 as the results shown in the findings, but it has a better performance than its main competitor, Swee Joo Berhad in the shipping industries. The Harbour-Link Group Berhad is overall well organized in its financial statements as shown in the annual reports and it can be categorized as a profitable and successful listed company in Malaysia. On the perspective of investors, Harbour-link is counted as a good investment company and therefore investors are advised to consider Harbour-link Group Berhad as one of their investment company because the company has a good expectation to have a huge increase in its future economic benefits. The future economy of Malaysia is expected to have a good return and therefore this ensure that Harbour-Link Group Berhad is a wise investment for the future benefits. References Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman, 1997, The Maritime Economy of Malaysia, Pelanduk Publication BBC News, 16 September 2008, http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/business/7615931. stm Bursa Malaysia 2010- Equities, Bursa Malaysia Berhad, viewed on 26 April 2011 http://www. bursamalaysia. com/website/bm/market_information/prices/ East Asia Forum, Malaysia’s Economic Future, view on 1 May 2011, http://www. eastasiaforum. org/2009/11/24/malaysias-economic-future/ Encyclopedia of the Nations, Malaysia- Future Trends, viewed on 2 May 2011, http://www. nationsencyclopedia. com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Malaysia-FUTURE-TRENDS. html Forbes 2008- Crude Oil Prices 1861 – 2009, Forbes. com 2010, viewed on28 April 2011, http://www. forbes. com/2008/05/13/oil-prices-1861-today-real-vs-nominal_flash2. html Giles, R Capel, J 1994, Finance and accounting, 3rd Edition, MacMillan, London Harbour-Link Group Berhad 2011, harbour. com. my; Total Logistics EPCC Provider N. V 20092010, Harbour-Link Group Berhad, viewed on 22 April 2011, http://www. harbour. om. my/ Karen D. Halpern, 2004, Understanding Finance: Money, Capital and investments, Pearson, New Jersey. Maritime Institute of Malaysia, Malaysia and Port Competitiveness, 2005 Mc Taggart et al, 2007, Macroeconomics, 5th Edition, Pearson, Australia The Edge Financial Daily, 11 April 2011 viewed on 24 April 2011. http://www. theedgemalaysia. com/ The Star Online 2011- Market watch, Star Publica tions (M) Berhad, viewed on 24 April 2011, http://biz. thestar. com. my/marketwatch/charts/l. asp? code=2062~HARBOURp1=0. 99p2=0. 985p3=0. 99p4=0. 985p5=0. 99p6=0p7=0. 00p8=915p9=0. 532 How to cite Fpi Assignment, Papers

Donne Essay Research Paper Ideas are clearly free essay sample

Donne Essay, Research Paper Ideas are clearly the inventive nucleus of John Donne s poesy. This is vividly apparent through the survey of Donne s poesy, and in peculiar his plants ; # 8220 ; The Relique # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; The Sunne Rising # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; A Valediction: ban mourning # 8221 ; . Donne utilizes a focal point construct throughout his array of poetic plants, and maintains his audiences attending through the geographic expedition of those constructs. Assorted thematic scenes are applied to convey the intended idea, and supply a base on which Donne builds his geographic expedition of thoughts. With a huge array of imagination and amour propres combined, Donne manages to bring forth inventive geographic expedition of his intended constructs. Through the survey of # 8220 ; The Relique # 8221 ; , it is clearly apparent that Donne # 8217 ; s usage of imagination is indispensable to the audiences apprehension of the thoughts portrayed. Throughout this verse form Donne explores his thoughts utilizing the conjectural image of his grave being reopened by future coevalss. We will write a custom essay sample on Donne Essay Research Paper Ideas are clearly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He inquiries what will be thought of his character when his coffin is opened and # 8220 ; A watchband of bright haire about the bone # 8221 ; is discovered. He feels really strongly about the pureness of the love that he portions, and portrays this utilizing elaborate imagination to build this conjectural state of affairs. Donne s usage of amour propres besides mostly adds to the clarify that thoughts are the inventive karyon of his poet works. This is clearly apparent after an analytical position of the work # 8220 ; A Valediction: ban mourning # 8221 ; . The thematic scene and cardinal focal point of the verse form is that of love surpassing physical boundaries. The amour propre Donne manipulates in order to show this is the celebrated compass ; # 8220 ; If they be two, they are two so/ As stiffe twin compasses are two # 8221 ; , through which he is composing about the two psyches. This amour propre is set to convey the thought of cubic decimeter ove exceling physical boundaries. Therefore it is seen that thoughts are the inventive nucleus of Donne s poesy. # 8220 ; The Sunne Rising # 8221 ; besides utilizes amour propres to show the thoughts that are the inventive nucleus of his poesy. As opposed to the amour propre that # 8220 ; A Valediction: prohibiting mourning # 8221 ; represents, # 8220 ; The Sunne Rising # 8221 ; is a ego centered amour propre. Puting the writer and his lover non merely as the centre of each others lives but as the centre of the existence. When the two lovers are disturbed by the Sun reflecting through their window in the early hours of the twenty-four hours. In the gap give voice the writer draws his audiences attending to his ain heavenly domination with ; # 8220 ; Busie old foole, unruly Sunne # 8221 ; . Yet, within the last stanza, the writer adopts a serious tone, citing that # 8220 ; She is all States, and all Princes, I/ Nothing else is # 8221 ; while still minimizing the Sun and telling it to # 8220 ; Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere/ This bed thy centre is, these walls, thy sphere # 8221 ; . This amour propre proves itself effectual by puting the two new found lovers at the centre of the existence, it shows how strong and issue love is for them, which in bend is the cardinal focal point of this verse form. This once more supports the statement that thoughts are the inventive nucleus of Donnes poesy. Through an extended survey of John Donnes poesy and, in peculiar, extended survey of # 8220 ; The Relique # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; The Sunne Rising # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; A Valediction: prohibiting mourning # 8221 ; , it is apparent that the writer employs a huge array of techniques to convey assorted complex thoughts through his poesy. It is clear that the inventive nucleus of Donnes poesy lies in the in-depth geographic expedition of complex constructs, which, integrated with his usage of amour propre and extended imagination, produces these poetic chef-doeuvres. Ideas are decidedly the inventive nucleus of John Donne # 8217 ; s Poetry.

Hamlet Details Essays - Characters In Hamlet, English-language Films

Hamlet Details Polonius advises his children by the use of axioms. He explains to Ophelia want not to do. He also tells his son Laertes what to do. The problem with this is he does not monitor his own actions. Shakespeare shows a great example of this is Hamlet. It is interesting how the advice changes from male to female, and how it changes in everyday life. Polonius tells Laertes, his son, that he should be a true gentleman. He talks about not fighting, yet if in a fight to win, look rich and not gaudy, and "do not dull thy palm with entertainment of each new-hatched, unfledged courage." (1.3.70-1) This basically means that Polonius would rather his son to stay out of trouble and control himself to keep the family name in good respect. Polonius pronounces to Laertes that he must not allow his self to borrow from others, or others to borrow from him. This is strange because everyone needs someone else to rely on in times of need. Polonius's greatest piece of advice is "to thine own self be true". (1.3.84) This talks of how Laertes must tell the truth, be kind, and respect others. This is so Laertes is proud of himself and so others will respect Laertes. This will allow Laertes to focus on his studies and not so much on trying to fit in. "Thou canst not then be false to any man" is the last axiom given to Laertes by Polonius. This says lying is bad. This is important to Laertes because if he lies he will not have honor. The loss of honor results in no respect to get a job. That would condemn Laertes to a struggle to survive. Polonius talks much different to Ophelia, his daughter, than he did to Laertes, his son. Polonius from the start says that Hamlet is bad and is trying to just get with her. He tells her not to get caught up the moment. When Polonius says, "Have of your audience been most free and bounteous..." he explaining to Ophelia that he does not trust her and that she must watch to see the groups that she runs with. (1.3.101-2) He continues to say, "As it behooves my daughter and your honor", which tells us that if Hamlet and Ophelia keep together then results may be bad. (1.3.106) He is saying that she should stay away from Hamlet. Polonius tells Ophelia to stay away from Hamlet, yet earlier he tells Laertes to basically do what he wants, just not to make someone mad or cause trouble. The difference in the two speeches is that when he talks to Laertes, he knows he is unable to do anything to stop him, but he wants to try. Then when he yells at Ophelia, he knows she must listen and follow the directions given or Polonius will find out. This is because Laertes is going to France to complete schooling, and Ophelia is here in Denmark with Hamlet. The other reason behind this is that Ophelia is the daughter of Polonius. That makes her special because she must marry to carry on the family. She is daddy's little girl. That gives them a special bond causing them to be close, so Polonius wants to be careful of what happens to her. This special bond between the father and daughter close is still around. These days the boy is told not to get caught, and girls are just to make sure they protect themselves. The advice now is the same kind of advice given here in Hamlet. The young Ladies must stay pure, while the men must keep the name in good standings. The advice given is different to meet the times. Parents stress that abstinence is the way to go, but no matter to use protection. Back in those days protection was not the same. They had a different message for the times; it was about the losing of face by sexual intercourse. For the gentlemen, the advice given is to do what you want just do not get caught. This is different than in the past. In the past you should not do it because it makes you look bad. Now, no one really cares and people do what they want to. Back in Shakespeare's times the drugs were not around as they are now. Now everyone does drugs it seems like. Polonius had a good idea in grilling his kids. More people should do that to create morals.

Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essays

Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essays Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essay Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essay Alternative vs. Traditional Energy Sources The use of alternative energy sources versus the use of traditional energy sources has become one of the country’s, if not the world’s, most heated debate in recent years. For the purposes of this paper, the term â€Å"alternative energy† refers to any form of energy that is not derived from fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources like wind farms, solar cells, hydroelectric dams, biomass fuels, and nuclear power have been considered to be attainable sources that will be able to sustain the global population’s high demands. Traditional energy sources like oil, gas and coal are what the modern world knows and is most comfortable with, as its established fountain of fuel. Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of one power source over another is a complicated process. There are many factors to consider, including everything from understanding the environmental effects of a particular type of power production and consumption, to addressing the power needs of the people and finding methods for delivering the power. Looking at both sides of this issue and surmising which argument seems to hold more water will allow for a reasonable conclusion to be made in favor of one side versus the other. One reason why people support alternative energy sources is because they are better for the environment. As stated in Alternative Energy porcon. org â€Å"Complete elimination of CO2 could occur as early as 2040† (Can). The use of wind farms, solar-electric systems, and nuclear power plants would greatly assist in this elimination as they do not pollute the air with nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, dust or greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. It is believed that the United States should decarbonize itself and stop the spread of global warming. The global population needs to become â€Å"Greener†, which is a marketing term that means cleaner, thus no pollution is involved. Alternative energy production does not create damaging environmental impacts, unlike fossil fuel production, specifically oil. A prime example of this environmental devastation was the major crude oil spill in March 1989, with the grounding of the tanker Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, off the Alaskan coastline, spilling an estimated 10. million gallons of crude oil (Exxon). Another reason why people support alternative energy sources is because they are renewable. There are many different types of renewable energy sources, including biomass, wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal heat. A prime example of this renewable energy source is solar energy which is naturally supported by the suns strong light as well as heat or wind energy which i s naturally supported by the earth’s global winds. Ethanol is also an excellent source of clean and renewable alternative energy. Looking at the article â€Å"Exploring new energy strategies† it was reported that a third-generation Texas oilman is leading the way to swapping oil and gas production for cleaner, renewable energy strategies (Jervis). Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources because the earth contains a finite amount of these fuels. Because energy is usable power, the sources of the energy can be used up. For example, if a power plant that generates electricity by burning coal runs out of coal, then it can no longer generate electricity until more coal is put into the power plant burners. Renewable energy, on the other hand, is energy that is replaced at the same rate that it is used. A third argument for the use of alternative energy versus traditional energies is the cost in which it takes to produce it. According to the Nuclear Energy Institute â€Å"U. S. nuclear power plants in 2006 supplied the second-highest amount of electricity in the industry’s history while achieving record-low production costs†. When looking at the numbers â€Å"nuclear-generated electricity typically clears the market for less than 2. cents/kwh (kilowatt hour)†¦as compared to the production costs alone for natural gas-fired power plants averaging 7. 5 cents/kwh† (Nuclear). Along the same lines as nuclear power generated energy is the fact that other alternative energy sources are highly cost effective. Wind and sunlight are free and hydroelectric power is very inexpensive once a dam is built. Conversely traditional gas and oil production processes are very expens ive for energy generation and there are large price swings with the burden of supply and demand. The bottom line for the global society as a whole has always been, and is foreseen to always be, about what it will cost. If a viable alternative source is identified to provide the same energy output at reduced consumer cost, it should be strongly considered if not fully implemented. A final reason why people support alternative energy sources is because they believe that renewable energy technologies will be capable of meeting the entire need for electricity in the United States as well as throughout the world. According to the U. S. Department of Energy â€Å"residential energy use in the United States will increase 25 percent by the year 2025† (Walker). It is necessary to spend the required monies on these renewable energy technologies, which will allow the country to create the needed alternative energy sources to combat this eventual increase in residential usage. An excellent example of this is the 410 million dollar construction project that includes 86 wind turbines on Wolfe Island near Cape Vincent, New York (2008). The renewable energy resources throughout the United States, let alone the entire world, are limitless and virtually untapped. It would be highly short-sighted not to entertain the notion that something other than fossil fuels would be able to meet the foreseeable growth in the global energy demand. One reason why people support fossil fuels as its energy source is due to the fact that oil, coal, and gas are available and already established in the industry for generating electricity. Even though the sun is by far the oldest source of energy, which has provided the earth with heat and light for million of years; it is fossil fuels that dominate as the world’s industrial power generator. According to Daniel Yergin â€Å"The world is not running out of oil† (29). There are trillions of barrels of oil that are yet to be recovered. This growth of oil recovery is projected to come from both OPEC (Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries) and non-OPEC members. The current energy producing industries would have to invest tremendously in establishing alternative means of production, while receiving very little on its return. One of the disadvantages that wind and solar power have, when compared with traditional methods, is that they would require the installation of multiple generation plants to meet the current demand. Furthermore, those same alternative energy technologies would require large amounts of land for small amounts of energy generation. Another reason why people support fossil fuels is because coal-produced energy is inexpensive and the technology is becoming more advanced. According to David G. Hawkins, Daniel A. Lashof, and Robert H. Williams â€Å"Implementing CCS (CO2 capture and storage) at coal-consuming plants is imperative if the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is to be kept at an acceptable level† (65). Emissions from coal-based power plants have been dramatically reduced through the use of advanced technologies, even as the use of coal for generating electricity has â€Å"nearly tripled over the last 30 years† (Hawkins 68). When looking at the numbers â€Å"Today’s coal-based electricity generating fleet is 70% cleaner than it was in 1970† (Should). Coal is at the nucleus of the long-standing debate about the energy future of the world. Many countries economic growth are largely fueled by coal, mainly due to the fact that it remains cheap and abundant; regardless of its pollution and environmental impacts. A third reason why people support fossil fuels is because drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) would reduce the nation’s dependence on foreign oil, which in turn would strengthen our nation’s economy. According to Larry E. Craig â€Å"As gas prices continue to rise and political instability in the Middle East worsens, the United States must increase its domestic oil production† ( 43). He goes on to state â€Å"The ANWR in Alaska is estimated to have as much as 16 billion barrels of oil under its coastal plain† (43). When looking at the numbers according to prices-oil. org â€Å"as of April 9th, 2009 the price per barrel of oil, most of which is imported from foreign countries, is approximately $51 and forecasted to increase in price from there† (Daily). The United States has spent an exuberant amount of taxpayer’s dollars on imported fossil fuels. It is said that this dependency will put our nation at risk if we continue to base our economy on oil imported from unstable regions of the world. A final reason why people support fossil fuels is because alternative energy sources like solar cells, wind turbines, and biomass plantations can not replace the highly reliable fossil fuel power stations that require 24 hour a day, 365 days a year usage. As stated by James Howard Kunstler â€Å"Based on everything we know right now, no combination of so-called alternative fuels or energy procedures will allow us to maintain daily life in the United States the way we have been accustomed to running it under the regime of oil† (100). Gas, oil and coal are easily obtained and have very sound distribution systems already established for the current power usage levels. Alternative power generation sources are fairly new and do not have those established distribution systems in place. It is one thing to be able to produce the necessary power the global population demands; it is another to be able to disseminate it to those who need it. There is a portion of the world’s population that supports traditional energy sources, like oil and coal versus alternative energies, like wind and solar. Those alternative energy sources suffer because they are deemed undependable and only usable as intermittent sources of energy. In many areas of the United States, alternative energy sources are not feasible, and deemed insufficient to sustain the generation plants for wind and solar requirements. Another example of this alternative energy disadvantage is ethanol, which in some circles is not believed to be a net energy producer. On the other hand, traditional energy production sources can run out. A prime example of this is when a combustion engine car runs out of gasoline, it loses its power and can no longer operate until more fuel is put into the system. At the same time, renewable energy can be replaced through natural processes or through sound management practices, and so it is a source of power that does not run out. A perfect example of this renewable alternative energy is the energy that is generated from the sun, which comes in an abundant supply everyday. A major criticism of the use of alternative fuel sources, specifically wind power, is that they are not as environmentally friendly as some have led us to believe. According to Eric Rosenbloom â€Å"Especially vulnerable are large birds of prey that like to fly in the same sorts of places that developers like to construct wind towers† (78). He goes on to mention â€Å"Noise is another big problem†¦the resulting sound of several towers together has been described to be as loud as a motorcycle, like aircraft continually passing overhead, a brick wrapped in a towel turning in a tumble drier, or as if someone was mixing cement in the sky† (81). On the other hand, fossil fuel energy sources have been the predominant source of the real pollution problem. As Stanely Scobie writes, â€Å"natural gas development is poised to begin at an intensive level†¦air pollution from drilling operations and massive withdrawals of water from rivers (used in production) show no respect†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1). Coal, gas, and oil are significant contributors to acid rain, which is produced by the release of harmful carbon dioxide gases; as well as damage to the earth’s ozone layer, which is caused by the discharge of nitrous oxide. To compare the environmental impacts of these two energy producing sources, the message is clear; either the world’s population deals with a little noise or with deadly gases. The quest for faster, easier, and more efficient ways of meeting the needs of a growing human population has led to increasingly high energy demands. However, the resources currently being used for generating energy are running out. Something other than, or in addition to, traditional energy sources is required to meet the increasing needs of the world’s growing population. That something is alternative energy sources. Replacing those traditional energy sources with the likes of biomass fuels, solar cells and wind farms are the tools and technologies that are necessary to accomplish such a task. Yet, despite the aforementioned alternative tools and technologies, global industries still obtain most of their energy sources from fossil fuels. The world deserves options when it comes to energy sources. Its citizens have the right to choose what can and will provide what is needed to ensure that future generations have a cleaner and safer environment while sustaining their energy needs. Throughout recorded history, humans have searched for ways of putting energy to work for their benefit. For the past few decades the nation, as well as the world, has become increasingly aware of its energy usage and the effects it has had on the environment and the earth as a whole. In addition, it is apparent that the United State’s dependence on foreign oil is creating some meaningful ramifications for its economic structure as well as its national security configuration. Currently the argument remains that the continued use of traditional energy sources is still the way for the global population to proceed to meet the earth’s overwhelming needs, but the need for alternative means can not be ignored. It is a discussion that has many pros and cons which continue to be debated on both sides of this passionate topic. Solutions to our energy problems do exist, but it will take a variety of alternative technologies and the willingness to change how the earth’s energy is to be found. Change is not always easy or attainable, but in some cases, like this one, it is a goal that is increasingly necessary and ultimately accomplishable. â€Å"2008 U. S. Great Lakes Seaway Ports Tonnage-Traffic Review. † Seaway Compass Newsletter. Winter 2009. 31 Mar. 2009 . â€Å"Can Alternative Energy Effectively Replace Fossil Fuels? † ProCon. org. 31 Mar. 2009 . Craig, Larry E. â€Å"Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Would Reduce U. S. Dependence on Foreign Oil. † Is the World Heading toward an Energy Crisis? Ed. Daniel A. Leone. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2006. 43-47. â€Å"Daily Oil Prices. † WTI Daily Chart. 9 Apr. 2009 . â€Å"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. † History Facts Valdez, Alaska. 26 Apr. 2009 . Hawkins, David G. , Daniel A. Lashof, and Robert H. Williams. Clean Coal Technology is the Future of Energy. † Coal. Ed. Michael Logan. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2008. 62-74. Jervis, Rick. â€Å"Exploring New Energy Strategies. † USA Today 12 Mar. 2009: A3. Kunstler, James Howard. The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Atlantic Monthly, 2005. Nuclear Energy Institute. â€Å"Record-Low Production Cost For Nuclear Powe r. † The Energy Bog. 20 Feb. 2007. 26 Apr. 2009 . Rosenbloom, Eric. â€Å"The Use of Wind Energy Should Not Be Increased. What Energy Sources Should Be Pursued? Ed. Stuart A. Kallen. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2005. 73-85. Scobie, Stanley. â€Å"Natural Gas Rush: It’s Time for the Feds to Step Up. † Sierra Atlantic Spring 2009: 1+. â€Å"Should the US Use Clean Coal as an Energy Source? † ProCon. org. 31 Mar. 2009 . Walker, Cameron. â€Å"The Future of Alternative Energy. † National Geographic. 28 Oct. 2004. 1 Apr. 2009 . Yergin, Daniel. â€Å"The World is Not Running Out of Oil. † Energy Alternatives. Ed. Barbara Passero. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2006. 29-39.

The State of Human Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The State of Human Nature - Essay Example Hobbes identified and discussed two paths that human nature takes and, no matter the striving and effort put into one or another, the human being and its glory or fall resides in what he called ethical egoism. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this matter by looking at two examples: one given by Michel Montaigne and the other, more recent and representing a deeply disturbing moment in history, by Primo Levi. The ethics and moral values of humans seem to diminish, if not vanish, when it comes to two important processes that set into motion the dynamics of humanity; be it the natural condition that Hobbes discusses, that of the man dealing with no artificial political or religious bodies of governance, a man who has to create a cult for the Self in order to survive, or the condition in which the mechanisms of power punish or reward the individual, man proves to be fundamentally violent and able to start the metamorphosis of everything that once was considered moral value. In 'De Cive' Hobbes concludes that: " I obtained two absolutely certain postulates of human nature: one, the postulate of human greed by which each man insists upon his own private use of common property; the other, the postulate of natural reason, by which each man strives to avoid violent death."1 The transformations do not completely erase the cognitive capacities of the individual, but reinforce in a very dangerous way for the society the Delphic principle 'nosce te ipsum', which can push the individual into a world of absurdity in which reasoning is as well transformed and all meaning becomes corrupt. Michael Montaigne's aim in his essay 'On Cannibals' is a very complex one and it is that of proving that no matter the time or the social circumstances, human nature developed its fundamental values and constantly fought to adjust morality to whatever its interest was. The problem of the pain or pleasure generated by a government like mechanism, which in Hobbes opinion triggers the egotistic behavior, is seen by Montaigne as something which occurs in those of us who have a very strong desire to be better than others, desire that is destructive for the rest of the society, and, this sort of action loses touch with the original selfishness, degenerating thus; we all are barbarians, some are transformed by these inner happenings into more barbaric people. For Montaigne both the cannibal who lives in a natural state of no law and reasoning, who and the cannibal who adhered to a moral barbarism as part of an artificial structure, if we are to put it in Hobbes terms, are guilty of seeing as barbarian, as a threat "whatever is not his own practice".2 When it comes to the questions related to the similarities and differences between the cannibal and the barbarian withholding some moral values, the last one represents the society contemporary to Montaigne, mainly seen in terms of political dispute and greed for power just like in Hobbes case; both philosophers found their theories on the sort of violence generated by self conscious people who end up acting as violent beings who are in fact too weak and fall under the influence of their own edacity. Montaigne's argument stands valid and is a confirmation of Hobbes's thesis that humans act only in their own advantage. Montaigne states that: "I conceive there is more barbarity in eating a man alive, than when he is dead; in tearing a body limb

Holistic care of patient with chronic obstrucive pulmonary disease Essay

Holistic care of patient with chronic obstrucive pulmonary disease - Essay Example noea associated with progressive obstruction of expiratory airflow secondary to chronic airways and lung parenchyma inflammation (Woodley and Whelan, 1992; Sutherland and Cherniack, 2004; Fibbri, et al., 2008). COPD, the term used to refer chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is one of the most common disorders in an adult lung (American Lung Association, 2009; National Lung Heart and Heart Blood Institute, 2009). Both chronic bronchitis and emphysema alike coexists; therefore, referred to by the physicians as COPD (American Lung Association, 2009). On the other hand, Barnes (2000) stated that COPD encompasses chronic obstructive bronchitis accompanied with small airway obstruction as well as emphysema with air space enlargement, destruction of parenchyma of the lung, loss of elasticity of the lung, and small airway closure. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the leading cause of death in the western society, requires prevention and treatment improvement (Simpson and Rocker, 2008). Its because of the fact that traditional approaches of healthcare to COPD is focused only on the pathophysiology underlying the disease that aimed to treat and prevent acute exacerbations not knowing the psychological impact that instantaneously follows the physical decline are the powerful forces in shaping patients’ experience with COPD (Simpson and Rocker, 2008). In patients with advancing COPD, the dominant role and psychosocial impact on the quality of life requires one to think twice on efficient approach to effectively address the issue of care (Simpson and Rocker, 2008). In COPD, a holistic approach must be practised, and to achieve this, an individual nursing care plan of treatment must be carried out. These include lifestyle modification such as cessation of smoking, pulmonary status optimisation by means of pharmacotherapy and exercise as well as nutritional and metabolic intervention strategies (van der Valk, 2004). Around 600 million individuals are diagnosed with COPD

Strategic Management for a Medium Sized Firm Research Paper

Strategic Management for a Medium Sized Firm - Research Paper Example This can be seen by the fact that customers are getting more educated. The access to the internet also balances the information asymmetry in the market making customers knowledgeable of the price and features of competing products. Customers look for products the way they want it. With this development, essential issues should be addressed by the company as firms are producing more than they can sell which significantly drives down prices. This situation poses more intense rivalry from competitors requiring companies to develop an efficient and sustainable strategy. For a medium-sized firm operating in a hypercompetitive industry which embarked on a follower strategy should seek to have a more effective marketing strategy. Follower strategies or "me too" strategies are only able to compete on price. Thus, followers are deemed to reduce prices forever, squeezing their margins and profitability. Possible strategic alternatives which it can bank on are differentiation and innovation strategies. Differentiation strategy in a hypercompetitive market is imperative and "not discretionary." As customers have higher bargaining leverage, a firm should introduce product features which adds value to its buyers. Instead of simply following the strategies and move of the market leader, a medium size firm should embark on developing innovative products. This is very important taking note of the fact that the market is unstable. Oftentimes, the case is that buyers are dissatisfied with the present alternatives and are looking for new options. Competition through differentiation and innovation are two strategic options which are always more effective than price competition. Â  

Comparison: Budget Travel And Luxury Travel

Comparison: Budget Travel And Luxury Travel Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations for any purpose and any duration. This is clarified by Aracely (n.d.) who identifies that different styles of travel give travelers a completely different experience. Usually, the type of travel can be defined by how much money is being spent on that experience. Travel is impossible to do if no cost is involved. People do think about the cost before traveling. Budget travel is suitable for those who willing to go for a travel with low budget. However, some people choose to travel in a luxury way to enjoy a trip to the fullest. There are some differences between budget travel and luxury travel. Comparison between budget travel and luxury travel are shown through different angles, which are accommodation, transportation, food and drink, places to visit and quality of travel. A comparison of budget travel and luxury travel 2.1 Accommodation Accommodation is one of the important aspects to think of during travel. To have a pleasant journey, first, traveler must have enough time to rest. The comfort ability of accommodation may influence the travel mood of a traveler. However, for budget traveler, they choose to spend less in accommodation. How could budget traveler do that? With limited budget, traveler can either choose to home stay in house of local residents, living in youth hostel or even camping. Home stay is when travelers stay in the house of local. Nowadays, many families join home stay program to welcome foreigners to stay at their houses during their vacation. Travelers will be arranged to like-minded hosts. This is clarified by Alex Robinson (2010) who indentifies that home stay in Japan works with around 1,000 hosts, from young Tokyo professionals to traditional rural families. For travelers who enjoy nature, they can choose to home stay with traditional rural families as their living style are more to nature . Theres no better way to get to know and love the city than through a well-connected local, Alex Robinson (2010). Besides that, youth hostel is also one of the budget accommodations. The website japan-guide.com states that young hostels are among the most inexpensive types of accommodation in Japan. Almost every country do has a youth hostel association. There are many hostels linked with this association, those hostels are usually cheap as youth hostel is purposely designed for youngsters who have low budget. Instead of home stay and youth hostel, camping is an ideal accommodation for those who have low budget in travelling. Camping can be done as long as there is a tent and a suitable campsite. This is clarified by Kelby Hartson Carr (2008) who identifies that there is no need to stay at an expensive hotel when visiting France. One of the greatest things about a France vacation is the wildly diverse range of low-cost lodging options, including camping. The France government regul ates five stars rating for campgrounds, just like it does for hotels. Campsite is a commonplace in France, and its a much more social form of accommodation than a hotel. Although it may not be as comfortable as we stay in hotel, camping is definitely a different authentic experience. On the others hand, for luxury travelers, they may choose to stay in luxury accommodation, such as hotels, bungalows and villas. They tend to spend more in accommodation so that they able to rest in a more comfortable place. Hotels with higher ranking, their services and facilities for sure are better. A high class hotel usually provides services and facilities such as meeting room, ball room, golf club, gym, sauna, massage room, swimming pool, shops and also restaurants. When big families go for travel, bungalows and villas are more preferred because bungalows and villas contain more rooms and have their own compound. Staying in luxury accommodation like hotels, bungalows and villas is much more relaxed and pampered compared to staying in budget accommodation as everything is well-prepared in luxury accommodation. 2.2 Transportation Transportation is important during travelling. However, what form of transportation can lower the budget of a traveler? Firstly, train can be considered as an ideal transport for those who plan for a budget travel. Train has a large capacity; it can fit in more people once. People who travel for a long period are advised to take train as it safe money and time of driving. Besides, busses are an economical option to travel too. This is clarified by Icarus Annals (n.d.) who indentifies that bus travel is the cheapest means of transportation across the USA and bus stations are more common than airports. No extra charge is added to the bus fare if you compared it with air ticket. Special reduced fares are available for students and international travelers, Icarus Annals (n.d.). Airplanes are much faster, but bus let you see the whole country when you travel. Cheap airfare can be purchased in order to lower the transportation expense. Lower airfares usually require a weekday stay and adva nce purchase time of at least two to three weeks. Travelers are advised to read through the rules and regulation clearly when purchasing airfare if there is any add-on fees needed. Or else air-line company may offer you a cheap airfare, but charge you a high baggage fees. To avoid high baggage fees, one should online search the information of baggage fees and read through it to avoid any unnecessary payment. People who travel luxury dont really care about all these charges. To enjoy the whole journey, they can choose to take plane, cruises or even private jet. Plane will always be the first choice for those who go for luxury travel because plane takes the shortest time to reach a place. Cost of airfare is definitely higher than busses or trains. Cruises are also a type of luxury transportation. Cruise can be considered as a place to travel as there are a lot of entertainments in a cruise, such as casino, shopping spots, bar and etc. 2.3 Food and drinks In addition, budget travel and luxury travel do have differences in terms of the food and drinks. In budget travel, the food or the way of eating is definitely more economical, such as self-catering, street foods, and after-hours eating (after the operational time, some food will be discounted or even free. For example, after 9pm, the foods will be free for public). Thus, public can enjoy cheap dinner or cheap foods and drinks. Its such a great deal for tourists who are undergoing budget travel. For self-catering, tourists will spend special moment with their family as they cook together and enjoy it just like in their own house. Street foods are great and cheap too. Street foods usually reflect the food culture of a place. For example, street foods in our country such as satay, apam balik, kebab, pisang goreng and etc reflect the food culture of our local citizens. Street foods are such a temptation for tourism. After-hours eating is the precious time for those budget travelers beca use they can enjoy their meals with a cheaper price or even free. However, the disadvantage of budget travel is that they cannot enjoy expensive foods. They cannot have what they actually want as limited budget prevent them from having extravagant meals. During luxury travel, foods that preferred are usually hygienic, nicely set, high class, perfect and also expensive. Tourists that do luxury travel will never concern about their expenses on foods, as money is not their main problem. A great food is the priority for them. In fact, their stomach capacity is the main problem as they can have whatever they want. Thats what we call as extravagant meals. They also enjoy buffet which required much money in order to enjoy it. Moreover, they usually not prefer drinking mineral water or tea. In fact, they choose wine as their drinks. It seems like luxury travel is better than budget travel. However, those who do luxury travel, cant really enjoy those street foods. They used to enjoy their meals under air-condition instead of queuing up in the crowd. 2.4 Places to visit Other than foods and drinks, in the two types of travel, places that visited by travelers are somehow similar, but luxury travelers do have more options. For budget travel, tourists prefer going on their own trip instead of following a tour, because its cheaper. This is clarified by Aracely (n.d.) who identifies that budget travelers mainly visit to the less developed world. Therefore, places that they go are limited or in other words, they have fewer choices of places to go. Places that they usually visited are like cultural and historical places, cheap shopping spots, and free entry places such as museum, galleries and national park. Budget travelers like to explore and exposed to the nature. Thus, places such as the rainforest, seaside, cave, waterfall, or even island are some ideal places for them. Those places require low entry costs or even free for visiting. All of these places can be visited for those who do luxury travel. Nevertheless, in luxury travel, they have more options to choose. Such as, they can go to amusement park like Disney land. In addition, they can also enjoy cruise, and the beachs games which are somehow expe nsive for budget travel. 2.5 Quality of travel The very last angle for the comparison is quality of travel. Quality of travel can be seen by many different views. The first view is the level of comfort. By comparing budget travel with luxury travel, luxury travel seems to have the higher level of comfort. Budget travelers will usually stay in a low cost motel or hostel. Staying in low costs hotel usually will lacks of amenities of home, Aracely (n.d.). The beds are not comfortable, communication is limited because they dont understand English, and utilities provided are bad. While for luxury travels, travelers usually go for a four star or five star hotels. Most of the four stars and five star hotels provide a spa service; the travelers can enjoy the services. This is clarified by Maryalice Yakutchik (n.d.) who identifies that different country has different style of spa; in California, their spa uses mud (clay with water) to put on the body and even face and hair, this is a mud treatment. Other than this, luxury travelers have t he opportunity to shop in the shopping spots. In these shopping spots, they can purchase things that are with high fashion and designers label. The second view is the level of cleanliness. The comparisons between budget travel and luxury travel shows that luxury travel has the higher level of cleanliness. Budget travel normally shows us the ugly side of a country. As budget travelers usually visit to rural areas other than developed city, they can truly experience the surrounding environment. However, these places usually are dirtier; rubbish littered everywhere, even to the rivers. This is clarified by Aracely (n.d.) who identifies that local picnic spots that she visited were littered by Styrofoam and plastic trash. Amazing lakes such as Lake Atitlan in Guatemala are a toxic mess. Crude oil contaminates the drinking water of Amazonian tribes. Mining chemicals like cyanide flow into the rivers. While for luxury travels, environment are better and so those places are cleaner. Damar Harsanto (2005) in a media release The Jakarta Post identifies that, in Singapore, unlike Jakarta, regulations exist and they are followed; they also keep the cleaners busy. Receptacles around street-stalls require cleaning every 30 minutes during peak hours. With an estimated 40,000 public toilets in the city, this is a lot of work, and 10,000 cleaners are employed in the city each day. Keeping eating places hygienic is another of the governments priority. Luxury travel shows a better condition and this will lead to a better health. The third view is the safety of travelers. From this view, luxury travel is having more advantages. Budget travelers will choose to be home stay rather than staying in hotel. There is a risk of staying in a strangers home. This is clarified by Kathryn Vercillo (n.d.) who identifies that entering the home of someone that you dont know means that you are taking the chance to let this person to have ulterior motive of attacking you. Home stay required self care; it wont be the same compare to own home. They need to care about their luggage, healthy and wealth. While luxury travels have more facilities. In discussing the issues related to airport facilities (grenadagrenadines.com), airport provides services such as charters, security service, overnight parking, refueling service and cleaning service. Most of the passengers are highly concern on the security. High class airports will corporate with international standard of security service so that the passenger will trust them more. The forth view is efficiency. The budget travelers have to go through many processes that are slow and inefficient all the time. This is clarified by Aracely (n.d.) who identifies that purchasing a plane ticket requires travelers to get number from ticket machine, wait in a lobby for 1.5 hours and then watched the clerk shift the plastic credit card hand held machine over the carbon copy and our credit card. This was for a major airline in Argentine. However, the budget travelers must used to it. While for luxury travel, travelers will receive a special offer; once they register themselves under the hotel, they will have the opportunity to enjoy all the facilities at the first time. For example, most luxury hotels do help travelers to settle the transportation matters. The last view is experience gained during travel. Different ways of travel will definitely have different kind of experiences. Budget travelers will have an authentic experience while luxury travelers will have an extraordinary experience. The budget travelers have the chance to know more about a countrys culture, eating style and habits. For budget travel, travelers will have a simple breakfast served with tea or coffee, own paid lunch and dinner which recommended by the citizen. Foods recommended by local citizens are usually cheaper. During luxury travel, travellers will have the chance to enjoy a superior experience. BC Doan identifies that The Poseidon of Fiji underwater resort is built 40 feet below, and was opened in year 2009, Doan (2008). This resort offers a 16-passenger luxury submarine tour, and guests are also provided with a personal Triton submarine for excursions on their own. Staying in the undersea hotel definitely will bring them an extraordinary experience. Conclusion Travel can be classified into two types, which are budget travel and luxury travel. Different people prefer different ways of travel as different experiences can be obtained through both budget travel and luxury travel. Both of them have their advantages and also disadvantages. Budget travel allows people to visit different places in low costs but with some limitations, whereas through luxury travel, people keen to enjoy a trip without bothering the costs. In general, travels do have a lot of benefits. People get to explore to more new places, reducing stress level which lead to a better health and learn the way people live and their traditions. Are Vitamin Supplements Effective? Are Vitamin Supplements Effective? Vitamins are a type of substance that helps grow, develop and give benefits to your body. Having an insufficient supple of vitamins could lead to health problems, diseases or in rare cases, death. There are certain types of vitamins, each with their own role of supporting and developing your body. Vitamin products mostly composed of organic compounds mixed with electrolytes, vegetable or fruit extract, or sometimes with artificial ingredients, etc. Consumers may have their own view that vitamin supplements are essential for their daily needs and for a healthy lifestyle; others may oppose that vitamins are a waste of investment or could cause side effects to their body. However, the main subject that concerns the society and the scientific community is whether vitamins supplements are effective or not. Is it essential to take multivitamins daily or is it just an open door to health problems? Having a daily rate of vitamin products may provide benefits or adverse effects to the human body. In society and the scientific community, debates on whether vitamins can be effective or ineffective to the human body. This question leads to a comparison of people with vitamin deficiency and daily basis consumption of multivitamin products. Thinking about this comparison shows one type of people not taking vitamins and the other taking vitamins. This comparison also explains to society that vitamins may prove beneficial but not to the scientific community as evidence must be needed. However, scientific research provides evidence that multivitamins commonly containing folic acid, vitamin D, etc. all with their own roles of giving benefits to the body. If regular consumption of vitamins truly provides real health benefits, we should be able to validate that studying the health benefits and effects in large population of people that took multivitamins for years. The method to prove vita mins arent beneficial could be: overdose of multivitamins, misleading use or premature use without contacting their doctor. However, in some scientific findings and research, a few vitamins cause risk to the human body such as early death (mortality), increases chance of lung cancer and breast cancer from some vitamins. Therefore, there is evidence that regular consumption of multivitamin products has health benefits and reports that this practice could cause harm. Taking vegetable extracts proves to be better than eating vegetables. Evidences with vegetable extracts proves to be better than eating vegetables showing, Juicing has been credited with alleviating everything from skin diseases and immune disorders to cancer and high blood pressure. (Ko, 2011) Having vegetable extract at liquid state maybe easier to digest in the stomach and less energy used when digesting in liquid form whilst heating or cooking them will destroy or reduce some enzymes content meaning getting less nutrients if cooked. Juicing can be an advantage when it comes to digestion and nutrient supports in the human body at the same time. Therefore, vegetable extracts are proven to be better and beneficial than eating vegetables. Situations and conditions with overdose and vitamin deficiency could be possible and could cause illness to the human body. Suffering from vitamin deficiency will lead to certain sickness, diseases, possibility of cancer or nutritional disorder. An example of a certain vitamin deficiency case study is vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D mostly comes from the sun and some of our daily meals like milk and fish. After several surveys and research from Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Health Survey with Biomedical Results for Nutrients shows evidence that people with low levels of Vitamin D has a risk factor for other conditions like, heart and kidney disease, osteoporosis in which case the bodys bone may fracture or break easily and cancer or even mortality. If there is a situation of a patient suffering from Vitamin deficiency, they may be suffering from health problems like fragile bones or several diseases. For the patient to survive and fight this type of condition, they s hould contact their doctor, take high or rich calcium food products, increase exposure to sun with high UV times like mid-morning till mid-afternoon, increasing physical activity or any Vitamin D supplements. However, patients with moderate to severe deficiency may have a blood test and high Vitamin D supplements. This research proves and validates that vitamin deficiency is a real possibility of most situations and conditions. Overdose with vitamins causes a lot of health problems like diabetes, obesity, or even death. With researches provided, large dosages of Vitamins can cause problems, even standard dosage can affect their health with certain prescription medicine. This results with people suffering from adverse effects from too much calcium or iron intake. This proves and provided evidence that vitamin overdose is a possibility and the conditions to treat overdose are almost similar to people suffering vitamin deficiency. This concludes that vitamin deficiency and overdose are a possibility as they could cause harm and health problems. Vitamin supplements are proven and validated to be effective with correct use and daily recommended dosages. They may cause harm varying on what health problems people have or taking overdose. As mentioned For a healthy adult, if supplements are used, they should generally be taken at levels close to the recommended dietary intake (RDI). High-dose supplements should not be taken unless recommended under medical advice. (betterhealthchannel, Victoria government, 2012)

Comparing of Shakespeares Othello and Volpone :: comparison compare contrast essays

Othello Compared to Jonson's Volpone  Ã‚   Both Othello and Volpone are set in Venice, well known for its wealth, power, and justice. Shakespeare called Venice the Whore of the Adriatic, for many different reasons: it is a port city, with many ships coming and going; it is also a corrupt city , with much pollution--not only of the actual enviornment but the soul as well. In Volpone the corruption that is planned between Volpone and Mosca is evident from the beginning. The two are taking advantage of their kinsmen's weaknesses--gullibility and an all-out lust for money. This is similar to Iago taking advantage of Othe llo's gullibility and jealousy in order to gain Desdemona. In Volpone, Mosca and Volpone are swindling people out of money while making them believe they are to become the sole heir of Volpone's vast riches when he dies. The situation is the same in Oth ello, but Iago longs for leadership capabilities and a title. Iago longs to be in charge of the Mercenaries as he believes he is more qualified for the position than Othello. Much of this is brought on by Othello's race and his love for Desdemona; he i s a Moor who loves a white woman. Both plays, being filled with bribery, deceit, lies and hate, are best set in Venice which shares many of the same traits. Another trait that is shared is the theme of prostituting women. Venice was known for its courtesan class, a group of well-dressed prostitutes. In both plays the virtue of a young woman is compromised by men seeking to increase their own fortunes. I n Volpone, Corvino makes a whore out of his wife Celia by offering her to the men around town, and in the play's climactic scene, to Volpone himself. In either instance, Corvino is thinking of his own financial gain and not of the injustice he brings to his wife.

French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet Essay

The French Revolution was a quest for liberty, and centered on people who wanted their freedom. They wanted to be treated as equal participants in the community, not as slaves for the royals or nobles. The peasants who represents more than 90% of France’s population, were working for their own families and everyone else as they paid much more in taxes. Brotherhood was the way of everyone coming together as one. Hubris is excessive pride in one’s self, people during the French Revolution did not want to admit they were wrong for what they were doing and that they did not want less entitlement then they had. Fiscal irresponsibility was brought on by the higher debts, and taxes were raised so the government could get out of the finical hole they were in. The democracy was a new construction of power where the politics were giving everyone the chance to be heard and to be equal. Technology at the beginning of the French Revolution was lacking, but as it continued throughout the years it became a resource at war. Liberty was the main goal for the French people, to be free from the poor work conditions they were in. The work environments for the peasants were horrible and needed to be changed. They were working to feed their families and the landlords. The landlords were taking all of their harvest and leaving them with nothing. The French government was not paying taxes and the lower class was paying twice as much to cover the royal community. They worked like slaves to barely get by and children were abused and be used to do more for less pay. Today we have freedom of speech, which is something that has not always been around. They were not able to stand up for themselves and they were discouraged from even thinking they were all born equal. Brotherhood was not only sticking by each other in your community but brotherhood within the church system. Christian brotherhood was part of the fraternity, one was identified by the social and religious links based on their Christian brotherhood. The second sense of the fraternity was if one were to follow the path of liberty and equality as a free pact. Brotherhood was a way of life for people during the revolution it was how they were able to find a moment of peace in all the bad around them. To act toward someone with the spirit of brotherhood is to accept them as they are, and treat them as you would want to be treated. Even if the government was not doing this, the peasants and the lower class people knew that to survive they needed each other. One person alone would die, but with people to help them along their struggle they will survive. Hubris was a big conflict in the French Revolution, between humility and the intoxication of power napoleon was his hands full of dangerous hubris. This is a natural human trait that can be negative if an individual was unstable at balancing humility and power while using his leadership skills for the good of others. Hubris in history were mostly a negative, significant opportunities that fell short and completely collapsed. The consequence for hubris to occur, is when a leader gains the flaw of hubris, so the decisions and behaviors are altered perfectly when the power starts to rise within. There were many military failures that resulted from the fatal flaw of hubris, just like in the Christian religion, Eve falls prey to the temptation to take the forbidden fruit offered by the seducer. Napoleon did things without thinking of the consequences, and only wanted to make himself  happy. Napoleon had a self-centered gratification at the expense of others, as long as he was at the top . One of the primary reasons the French Revolution began was because of the fiscal irresponsibility of the monarchy. The Clergy men paid no taxes and neither did the Nobles, as soon as they were given the name titles they were exempt from paying these for life. Since France was helping America, and still in debt from the previous war, France was in debt. The harvests were bad because of the poor weather conditions, and people began to starve. Since there was a shortage of money and food, people had to work for less and pay more. In order to make back some money, they confiscated all the church properties, to sell to the public to make extra money. Since the King was giving out money, the stock trade went up, there was relief and difficulties seemed to vanish into thin air. But, since it was money the more they printed, the lower the value of each of piece was. People blamed the rich fro saving their gold and silver, factories closed, and unemployment was on the rise. They prosecuted people who were hoarding and being greedy, they said that paper money was as good as gold. The government was the greedy one, the working class works hard for their money and they will keep it, where the rich will buy tangibles. Democracy was on the rise during the French Revolution, all centered around one thing, the rights of man. One side fought for the revolutionary new idea of democracy, and the other side was loyalist who were opposed to social reform and thought it would put the ancient British constitution into danger. The loyalist wanted their traditional values to be cherished like the church, social order, and the monarchy. The radicals believed in natural right, which everyone (not all women at the time) had the right to take part in politics, no matter what social class they belonged to. The loyalist thought that if everyone had rights and could vote on who they wanted that is would be dangerous. They did not want the poor being able to have an opinion, because there were many more poor than there were rich. The thought of being out voted and outnumbered at every election was scar some. Radicals were not afraid to say what they wanted, and they were ready to fight for those rights. Lastly, technology was being developed though out this entire revolution making things more and more complicated. While children and families sweated in mills working there was machines that were able to in and do the same job years later. The inventions of machines and hand tools, along with the use of steam and power. That all lead to the start of factories. Although all of these changes came on gradually, it happened fast for the people who had to use these new machines. The ability to weave cloth, and make yard would have taken much more time than it took with the new machines. Technology changed everything, for better or for worse. Better for the way things are made in mass, worse for the people who lose their jobs by being replaced by it. In conclusion, the French Revolution changed many things, we got a new government, technology, money, and rights as humans. Brotherhood is what kept people together when conditions got bad, even when the church properties were sold people kept their faith. Everyone played a role in this movement whether they knew it or not. The bottom will always find a way to fight and be heard where wealthy are only wealthy until they become too greedy. 2. Napoleonic Timeline For each date and location, identify the significant event that occurred and write a single-sentence description of the event. August 15, 1769 Napoleon Bonaparte was born on this day, in Ajaccio, Caosica Ajaccio, Corsica July 4, 1776 The Continental congress adopted the declaration of Independence. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania July 14, 1789 A Paris mob stormed into the Bastille Prison to show the Bourbon Monarchy,  this began the French Revolution. Paris September 21, 1792 The monarchy was abolished and France declared Republic France January 21,1793 King Louis XVI was executed on the guillotine for treason Paris August 22, 1795 the new French constitution was adopted, thus forming the Directory or Constitution of the Year III France November 15–17, 1796 A three day battle, Napoleon grabbed the flag and lead the assault across the Arcola Bridge and won Arcole, Italy 1798 Napoleon invaded and captured these countries during the Mediterranean Campaign of 1798 Malta, Egypt, and Syria November 9, 1799 Napoleon seized power and made a new regime called the Consulate, and the he was a dictator France February 9, 1801 the Treaty of Luneville was singed between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Emperor France II Lunà ©ville, France 1801 [The Concordat of 1801, July 15, 1801 Napoleon, papal, and the clerical representatives in both Rome and Paris. The Concordat was ending the breach caused by the church and confiscations Rome and Paris March 25, 1802 the Treaty of Amiens was a peace treaty signed by the French First Republic Great Britain, Spain and Netherlands. Made to put an end to the Second Coalition War, but lasted a year Amiens, France August 2, 1802 Napoleon was named consul for life, and was able to choose this own successor. France December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowned himself the emperor of France in the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Paris October 21,1805 27 Royal Navy ships defeated 33 of Napoleon’s ships, he had not planned on fighting and lost 22 of his ships. Atlantic Ocean, near Cà ¡diz, Spain, and the Straits of Gibraltar December 26, 1805 A peace treaty between France and Austria, after Napoleon won the Battle of Austerlitz. Bratislava (Pressburg) June–November 1812 The Patriotic War, between Russia and French Army, Napoleon had a huge lose to Russia. This lead to more countries fighting back against Napoleon. Russia October 16–19, 1813 Battle of Leipzig, Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden all against the French Army. The largest battle before WWI. Napoleon wsa defeated, and was exiled to Elba that next spring. Leipzig, Germany April 11, 1814 Napoleon was banished from France and sent to the Mediterranean island of Elba. Paris March 20, 1815 Napoleon escaped the island and returned to Paris, regained followers and reclaimed this title as the emperor. France June 15, 1815 Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, this was the end of the French domination in Europe. Waterloo, Belgium May 5, 1821 Napoleon died from possible stomach cancer, even though some think he was poisoned. Saint Helena, South Atlantic

Special Needs Assistant Requirements Essay Example

Special Needs Assistant Requirements Essay Example Special Needs Assistant Requirements Essay Special Needs Assistant Requirements Essay Dec 2008 How do I become a Special Needs Assistant? Special Needs Assistants. Job Description Special Needs Assistants are recruited specifically to assist schools in providing the necessary non–teaching services to pupils with assessed educational needs. Their duties are assigned by the Principal acting on behalf of the Board of Management. Their work is supervised either by the Principal or another teacher as determined by the Principal. Those duties involve tasks of a non-teaching nature such as: . Preparation and tidying up of classrooms. 2. Assisting school children to board and alight from school buses. Where necessary travel as escort during school hours on school buses may be required. 3. Special assistance as necessary for children with particular difficulties e. g. helping special needs pupils with typing or writing or computers or other use of equipment. 4. Assistance with clothing, feeding, toileting and general hygiene and being mindful of health and safety needs of the pupil. 5. Assisting on out-of-school visits, walks, examinations and similar activities. 6. Assisting the teachers in the supervision of pupils during assembly, recreation and dispersal from the classroom for one reason or another. 7. Accompanying individuals or small groups who may have to be withdrawn temporarily from the classroom for one reason or another. 8. General assistance to the class teachers, under the direction of the Principal, with duties of a non-teaching nature. (Special Needs Assistants may not act as either substitute or temporary teachers. In no circumstances may they be left in sole charge of a class or group of children). 9. Participation with school development planning, where appropriate, and co-operation with any such changes with policies and practices arising from the school development process. 10. Engagement with parents of special needs pupils in both formal and informal structures as required and directed by school management. 11. Other duties appropriate to the grade as may be determined by the needs of the pupils and the school from time to time. Special Needs Assistants may be re-assigned to other work appropriate to the grade when special needs pupils are absent or when particular urgent work demands arise. Qualifications required: The minimum level of qualification required is a Junior Certificate with passes in English, Maths and Irish. In reality many SNA applicants will have further qualifications such as the FETAC level 5 SNA certificate (single subject or full award) or the FETAC Level 5 qualification in Childcare. Some may also have third level qualifications in related fields such as Montessori, Early Childhood Education or Psychology. Experience Relevant work experience with children is very important. This can include time spent as a volunteer in a homework club, summer camp leader, sports coach, as well as being active in your childrens’ school, for example in the parents association. More information on working as a SNA is available in the Education Personnel section of the Dept of Education Science website www. education. e or from AEGIS. Local Courses. FETAC level 5 Special Needs Assisstant single subject certificate courses have been offered as a part-time course in Abbeyleix Further Education Centre and Portarlington Adult Education Centre. Check www. laoisvec. ie Portlaoise College offers a full FETAC level 5, Special Needs Assistants course as well as a Childcare programme at the same level. www. portlaoisecollege. ie Information taken from Dept of Education Science Websi te www. education. ie and INTO website www. into. ie